The electrophilic addition of reagents to the 5,6-double bond in spinosyn A & spinosyn D systems occurred with high pi-diastereofacial selectivity. Addition occurred preferentially from the beta face of the molecule with selectivities ranging from 5:1 to better than 30:1. Various NMR properties were investigated in order to distinguish the beta & alpha isomers with the help of theoretical models of the products. These NMR properties include a (13)C gamma effect to C-11 & vicinal coupling between H-4 & H-5. To help rationalize the selectivity, computational studies on the transition states for epoxidation were calculated using density functional theory. The results indicate that beta epoxidation is favored & that the geometries of the transition structures are consistent with torsional steering being the source of the selectivity.
Physical Description
White odorless solid; [Merck Index]
Appearance
Light grey to white crystals
State
Solid
Computed Properties
Structural Parameters
Heavy atom count
52
Fraction Csp3
0.85
Rotatable bonds
9
H-bond acceptors
11
Molar refractivity
194.23
TPSA
111.22
LogP / Solubility
WLOGP
5.49
MLOGP
4.89
XLogP3
4.9
Consensus LogP
5.09
Log S (ESOL)
-7.24
Class (ESOL)
Insoluble
Log S (Ali)
-9.52
Class (Ali)
Insoluble
Log S (SILICOS-IT)
-10.05
Class (SILICOS-IT)
Insoluble
ADME
GI absorption
High
BBB permeant
No
P-gp substrate
No
CYP1A2 inhibitor
No
CYP2C19 inhibitor
No
CYP2C9 inhibitor
No
CYP2D6 inhibitor
Yes
CYP3A4 inhibitor
Yes
Log Kp (skin permeation)
-3.29
Drug-likeness / Medicinal Chemistry
Lipinski
No
Ghose
No
Veber
Yes
Egan
Yes
Muegge
No
Bioavailability score
0.56
Brenk alerts
1
Leadlikeness
No
Synthetic Accessibility
10
Safety & Transport
Pictogram(s)
Environmental Hazard
Signal
Warning
GHS Hazard Statements
H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]
H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]
H400 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]
H410 (100%): Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]